Learning Objectives
How does a representative parliament reduce conflict?

After studying this unit you should be able to:

• Recognize the importance of a representative parliament to conflict prevention;

• Understand that the electoral system plays a key role in determining who is represented in parliament;

• Appreciate that in order for all parties to accept the outcome of elections in conflict-affected countries the electoral process needs to be simple, transparent and implemented by an independent body.

Introduction

A democratic system requires meaningful participation and representation that integrates all societal groups – religious, ethnic, tribal, political, gender, socio-economic, cultural and other minority groups – into the decision-making process.  Members of Parliament should ideally reflect the diverse communities from which they come; thus, minority groups should not be systematically excluded from being represented.  Improving the representation of parliament strengthens its ability to reach out to all sectors of society. Furthermore, when a representative parliament is able to develop multiple loyalties through political cooperation, it lays the foundation for the emergence of a constructive conflict culture, which is better able to manage conflict without resorting to violence.

Parliament is a forum that utilizes dialogue and discussion to find workable solutions for problems within communities that satisfy, to a greater or lesser extent, all parties.  Ultimately, a representative parliament is better able to contribute to peacebuilding by bringing together members from all groups in society who, through collaboration, begin to develop a common vision, that accommodates the interests of all groups.  As a constitutionally mandated institution, parliament provides a permanent forum where representatives from groups with divergent interests can come together and channel their actions to help shape legislation and policies.  If each parliamentarian ensures that the legislature responds to the needs of her or his community, parliament can help stop communal discord from flaring into violent conflict.